What are "sender" and "e" for?

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joe_pool_is

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Newbie Question:

Could someone tell me what "sender" and "e" could be used for?

Example:
Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
How would code use sender or e?
If changed to Handles x.Click, is there a big difference?
End Sub

Thanks for the assistance.
 
sender is the object that raised the event (the form in this case).
e are any arguments that are relevant to the event.

The form load event doesnt have any extra information passed to it so e really doesnt contain anything useful. Try it with something more useful like a mousedown and you can see the difference.

Code: 
Private Sub Button1_MouseDown(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs) Handles Button1.MouseDown, Button2.MouseDown
		Dim b As Button
		b = DirectCast(sender, Button)		  convert sender to correct object type
		b.Text = "clicked " & e.Button.ToString()

	End Sub
 
PossiblyDamp:

Thanks for the reply. So this returns events from the system, not necessarily from the form itself. Right?

The DirectCast() function is new to me. After playing with it just now, I see that I can also gather the FormVariables name, which is something I have been trying to do for some time.

vb:
Private Sub Button1_MouseDown(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs) Handles Button1.MouseDown, Button2.MouseDown
Dim b As Button
b = DirectCast(sender, Button) convert sender to correct object type
b.Text = "clicked " & e.Button.ToString()
TextBox1.Text = b.Name
End Sub
/vb

In the example above (using your code), TextBox1 will show me the name of the button I clicked.

Is there a preferred method of doing this? I am interested in learning the elegant method if it exists, rather than using brute force with it.

P.S. How did you get your code to show up like that? Mine looks like garbage.
 
Behind the scenes all events are based on another feature of .Net called delegates - in simple terms these define how a function looks, its signature, (return type, number and type of parameters etc) but not what it actually does. This means any function that has the same signature can be used in place of the delegate.

To keep the system flexible under .Net all the standard events are based on a delegate called System.EventHandler which has two parameters - the first of type object and the second of type EventArgs. This means events raised from different places in the system - not just the form itself (as you said) can be handled in one place.

The first parameter will contain the control that raised the event but its typed to an object due to the fact it can contain any .Net class or control.
The directcast simple converts the object variable to the correct datatype (button in the case posted above). This maybe a problem and need further checking as the handler could work not only for multiple controls but multiple controls of different types
i.e.
Code: 
	Private Sub Something_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click, TextBox1.Click
		Dim b As Button		  can only hold a button
		Dim t As TextBox	  can only hold a textbox
		Dim c As Control	  can hold any windows control

		the followin will work with either button or textbox in this sample
		but c will only allow access to the features common to all 
		controls - any button or textbox specifics will be unavailable
		c = DirectCast(sender, Control)
		MessageBox.Show(c.Name)

		If the type is unkown we need to check first - as the following lines show.
		If TypeOf sender Is TextBox Then
			t = DirectCast(sender, TextBox)
			use t here
		End If

		If TypeOf sender Is Button Then
			b = DirectCast(sender, Button)
			use b here
		End If


	End Sub

the above example only shows what can be done - if you need different processing for different control types using different event handlers is probably a better idea.

Most controls also support the .Name property which should always be the name - some controls return different things for the .ToString function.

Finally to display the code put it between [ vb ] and [ /vb ] tags (without the spaces between the square brackets).

edit: typo
 
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